Formoterol
Formoterol is a long-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is marketed under various brand names including Foradil, Oxeze, and many others.
Pharmacology
Formoterol works by relaxing the muscles in the walls of the bronchi in the lungs, which helps to open up the airways and make breathing easier. It is a bronchodilator and its effects can last up to 12 hours.
Formoterol is a full agonist at the beta2 adrenergic receptor. This receptor is located on the smooth muscle cells of the bronchi and, when activated, causes the muscle cells to relax and the bronchi to dilate. Formoterol's long duration of action is believed to be due to a high affinity for the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, which allows the drug to remain within the cell and continually stimulate the beta2 receptor.
Clinical Use
Formoterol is used in the management of asthma and COPD. It is often used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids such as budesonide. This combination has been shown to be more effective in controlling asthma symptoms than either drug alone.
Formoterol is also used in the treatment of exercise-induced bronchospasm. It is taken 15 minutes before exercise to prevent bronchospasm.
Side Effects
Common side effects of formoterol include palpitations, tremor, and headache. Less common side effects include hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and insomnia. Rare but serious side effects include paradoxical bronchospasm, cardiac arrhythmias, and anaphylaxis.
Contraindications
Formoterol is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders, especially coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension.
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