Flavescence dorée
Flavescence dorée (FD) is a phytoplasma disease that affects grapevines, causing significant economic losses in viticulture. It is considered one of the most dangerous grapevine yellows diseases. The disease is transmitted by the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus and is subject to mandatory control measures in many European countries.
History
Flavescence dorée was first identified in 1950 in the Armagnac region of France. Since then, it has spread to many other wine-producing regions in Europe, including Italy, Switzerland, and Spain. The disease is named after the golden yellow color (flavescence dorée in French) that the leaves of infected vines turn.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Flavescence dorée can vary depending on the grape variety and the stage of vine development at the time of infection. Common symptoms include leaf discoloration, downward curling of the leaves, and drying and shriveling of the berries. In severe cases, the entire vine can die.
Transmission and Control
Flavescence dorée is transmitted by the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. The insect acquires the phytoplasma while feeding on an infected vine and can then transmit the disease to other vines. Control measures for Flavescence dorée include insecticide treatments to control the leafhopper population and removal of infected vines to prevent the spread of the disease.
Economic Impact
Flavescence dorée has a significant economic impact on the wine industry. The disease can reduce grape yield and quality, leading to lower wine production and financial losses for wine producers. In addition, the mandatory control measures required to manage the disease can also be costly.
See Also
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Flavescence dorée symptoms on grapevine leaves
Grapevine affected by Flavescence dorée
Flavescence dorée spread in vineyards
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