Iron(II) gluconate

Structural formula of Iron(II) gluconate

Iron(II) gluconate, also known as ferrous gluconate, is a type of iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or during pregnancy). It is the iron(II) salt of gluconic acid.

Chemical properties

Iron(II) gluconate is a chemical compound with the formula C₁₂H₂₂FeO₁₄. It appears as a light yellow to brownish powder and is soluble in water. The compound is known for its relatively high bioavailability compared to other iron supplements, making it a preferred choice for oral administration.

Pharmacology

Iron(II) gluconate is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum of the small intestine. Once absorbed, it is transported in the blood by transferrin and stored in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow as ferritin or hemosiderin. The bioavailability of iron from ferrous gluconate is influenced by various factors, including the presence of vitamin C, which can enhance absorption, and dietary components like calcium and phytates, which can inhibit it.

Medical uses

Iron(II) gluconate is primarily used to treat iron deficiency anemia, a condition characterized by a lack of adequate healthy red blood cells due to insufficient iron. It is also used in cases of increased iron requirements, such as during pregnancy, lactation, or periods of rapid growth in children. The supplement is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid preparations.

Side effects

Common side effects of iron(II) gluconate include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Taking the supplement with food can help minimize these effects, although it may also reduce iron absorption. In some cases, iron supplements can cause dark stools, which is a harmless side effect.

Safety and precautions

Iron(II) gluconate should be used with caution in individuals with conditions such as hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, or other disorders of iron overload. Overdose of iron supplements can lead to serious toxicity, particularly in children, and requires immediate medical attention.

Related pages

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Iron supplement
• Gluconic acid
• Transferrin
• Ferritin