Fenitrothion

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Fenitrothion is an organophosphate insecticide used to control a variety of pests in agricultural and public health applications. It is known for its effectiveness against insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and other pests that affect crops and human health.

Chemical Properties

Fenitrothion, chemically known as O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, is a yellow-brown liquid with a faint odor. It is soluble in organic solvents but has low solubility in water. The chemical formula for fenitrothion is C₉H₁₂NO₅PS.

Mode of Action

Fenitrothion works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system in insects. By blocking this enzyme, fenitrothion causes an accumulation of acetylcholine, leading to the overstimulation of the nervous system and eventually the death of the insect.

Uses

Fenitrothion is widely used in agriculture to protect crops such as rice, wheat, and fruits from insect damage. It is also employed in public health programs to control disease vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Additionally, fenitrothion is used in forestry to manage pests that affect trees.

Environmental Impact

Fenitrothion is known to be toxic to non-target organisms, including birds, fish, and beneficial insects such as bees. Its use is regulated in many countries to minimize environmental contamination and protect wildlife.

Safety and Regulation

Due to its potential health risks, the use of fenitrothion is subject to strict regulations. It is classified as a moderately hazardous pesticide by the World Health Organization (WHO). Users are advised to follow safety guidelines, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to recommended application rates.

Degradation and Persistence

Fenitrothion degrades relatively quickly in the environment, with a half-life ranging from a few days to several weeks, depending on conditions such as temperature, pH, and microbial activity. However, its breakdown products can also be toxic, necessitating careful management of its use.

Related Pages

• Insecticide
• Organophosphate
• Acetylcholinesterase
• Pesticide regulation
• Environmental impact of pesticides

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