Fecal impaction

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Fecal impaction
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea
Complications	Bowel obstruction, perforation, ulceration, fecal incontinence
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Chronic constipation, opioid use, immobility, dehydration, neurological disorders
Risks	Elderly, bedridden, neurological impairment
Diagnosis	Physical examination, abdominal X-ray, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Manual disimpaction, enema, laxatives, surgery
Medication	Laxatives, stool softeners
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in elderly and hospitalized patients
Deaths	N/A

Fecal impaction is a severe bowel condition where a hard, dry mass of stool becomes stuck in the colon or rectum. This is often due to chronic constipation and can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.

Causes

The primary cause of fecal impaction is chronic constipation. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, including a lack of fiber in the diet, insufficient fluid intake, lack of physical activity, certain medications, and certain medical conditions.

Symptoms

The symptoms of fecal impaction can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling the need to have a bowel movement but being unable to do so. In severe cases, fecal impaction can lead to nausea, vomiting, and even fecal incontinence.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fecal impaction typically involves a physical examination, including a rectal exam. In some cases, additional tests may be needed, such as an abdominal X-ray or a colonoscopy.

Treatment

Treatment for fecal impaction involves removing the impacted stool. This can often be done at home using over-the-counter treatments such as stool softeners, enemas, or manual removal. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of fecal impaction involves maintaining a healthy diet high in fiber, drinking plenty of fluids, getting regular exercise, and avoiding medications that can cause constipation.

See also

• Constipation
• Bowel obstruction
• Colonoscopy