Familial hemiplegic migraine
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura, characterized by temporary hemiplegia (paralysis on one side of the body) before or during the headache. Pronounced as fa-mil-ial hemi-plegic mi-graine. The term is derived from the Latin familia (family), Greek hēmi (half), plēgē (stroke), and hēmiplēgikos (suffering from paralysis on one side of the body), and the French migraine (headache).
Symptoms
FHM is characterized by migraine attacks with aura that are preceded or accompanied by transient hemiplegia. Other symptoms may include visual disturbances, sensory loss, and difficulty with speech. The severity and duration of the symptoms can vary widely among affected individuals.
Causes
FHM is caused by mutations in certain genes. Three types of FHM have been identified, known as FHM1, FHM2, and FHM3. Each type is caused by mutations in a different gene: the CACNA1A gene for FHM1, the ATP1A2 gene for FHM2, and the SCN1A gene for FHM3.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of FHM is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, a family history of similar symptoms, and genetic testing to identify mutations in the associated genes.
Treatment
Treatment of FHM is focused on preventing migraine attacks, managing symptoms during an attack, and reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. Medications used may include triptans, calcium channel blockers, and antiepileptic drugs.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with FHM varies. Some individuals may have infrequent attacks, while others may have severe and frequent attacks that interfere with daily life.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Familial hemiplegic migraine
- Wikipedia's article - Familial hemiplegic migraine
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