Extrapulmonary restriction

Extrapulmonary restriction
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Pulmonology
Symptoms	Shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, chest pain
Complications	Respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Obesity, pleural effusion, kyphoscoliosis, neuromuscular disorders
Risks
Diagnosis	Pulmonary function test, chest X-ray, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Prevention
Treatment	Oxygen therapy, ventilatory support, weight loss, surgery
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths	N/A

Extrapulmonary restriction is a medical condition that affects the lungs. It is characterized by a decrease in lung volume caused by factors outside of the lungs. These factors can include abnormalities in the chest wall, pleura, or diaphragm, or neuromuscular disease.

Causes

Extrapulmonary restriction can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

• Obesity
• Pleural effusion
• Pneumothorax
• Neuromuscular disease
• Scoliosis
• Ankylosing spondylitis

Symptoms

The symptoms of extrapulmonary restriction can vary depending on the underlying cause, but may include:

• Shortness of breath
• Cough
• Chest pain
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of extrapulmonary restriction typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and pulmonary function tests. Additional tests, such as imaging studies, may also be needed to identify the underlying cause.

Treatment

The treatment of extrapulmonary restriction is primarily aimed at managing the underlying cause. This may involve medication, surgery, or other interventions. In some cases, pulmonary rehabilitation may also be beneficial.

See also

• Pulmonary function test
• Pulmonary rehabilitation
• Respiratory system