Ergotism
Ergotism (pronounced: /ˈɜːrɡətɪzəm/) is a medical condition that results from long-term ingestion or exposure to the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus, commonly known as Ergot. The term "Ergotism" is derived from the French word "ergot," which means "spur," referring to the spur-like appearance of the fungus on infected grains.
Symptoms
Ergotism is characterized by two types of symptoms: convulsive and gangrenous. Convulsive ergotism is marked by nervous dysfunction, where the victim is twisted and contorted in pain, experiencing hallucinations and a sensation of itching, tingling, and burning in the skin. Gangrenous ergotism is characterized by the restriction of blood circulation to the extremities, which can lead to dry gangrene and loss of limbs.
Causes
The primary cause of ergotism is the consumption of grains, particularly rye, infected with Claviceps purpurea. The fungus produces a variety of toxic alkaloids, including ergotamine and ergotoxine, which are responsible for the symptoms of ergotism.
Treatment
Treatment for ergotism primarily involves discontinuing the consumption of the infected grains. In severe cases, medications such as vasodilators and anticoagulants may be used to improve blood flow and prevent clotting, respectively.
History
Historically, ergotism was known as "St. Anthony's Fire," named after the monks of the Order of St. Anthony who were particularly successful in treating this condition. Ergotism has been implicated in several historical events, including the Salem witch trials and the Great Fear in France.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ergotism
- Wikipedia's article - Ergotism
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