Enterotoxin
Enterotoxin (pronounced: en-ter-oh-tox-in) is a type of toxin produced by certain bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, that specifically targets the intestines, causing symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea.
Etymology
The term "enterotoxin" is derived from the Greek words "enteron" meaning intestine, and "toxikon" meaning poison.
Types of Enterotoxins
There are several types of enterotoxins, including:
- Cholera toxin: Produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, this toxin causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, leading to dehydration and, in severe cases, death.
- Shiga toxin: Produced by Shigella species and some strains of Escherichia coli, this toxin can cause bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious condition that affects the kidneys.
- Staphylococcal enterotoxin: Produced by Staphylococcus aureus, this toxin is a common cause of food poisoning.
Effects of Enterotoxins
Enterotoxins cause illness by disrupting the normal function of the cells lining the intestines. They do this by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, triggering a series of events that lead to loss of fluids and electrolytes, causing diarrhea and vomiting.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for enterotoxin-induced illness typically involves rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Prevention involves proper food handling and preparation, as well as good personal hygiene.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Enterotoxin
- Wikipedia's article - Enterotoxin
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