Dysgerminoma

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Dysgerminoma
Dysgerminoma under high magnification
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, swelling, irregular menstruation
Complications	Metastasis, infertility
Onset	Typically in young women, often in their 20s
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly genetic factors
Risks	Gonadal dysgenesis, Turner syndrome
Diagnosis	Pelvic examination, Ultrasound, CT scan, Biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Ovarian cyst, Teratoma, Endometrioma
Prevention	None specific
Treatment	Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy
Medication	Cisplatin, Etoposide, Bleomycin
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare, accounts for 1-2% of ovarian cancers
Deaths	Rare with treatment

Dysgerminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that is usually found in the ovary. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in females. Dysgerminomas are similar to the seminoma, a type of testicular cancer, as both produce LDH (lactate dehydrogenase).

Symptoms

The most common symptom of dysgerminoma is a painless enlargement of the ovary. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, or constipation. In some cases, dysgerminoma can cause precocious puberty in children due to the production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Diagnosis

Ultrasound is often the first test done when a dysgerminoma is suspected. Other tests may include a CT scan or MRI to determine the size and location of the tumor. Blood tests may be done to check the levels of certain substances, such as LDH, hCG, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be elevated in people with dysgerminoma.

Treatment

Treatment for dysgerminoma usually involves surgery to remove the tumor. This may be followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health.

Prognosis

The prognosis for dysgerminoma is generally good, especially if the cancer is detected early and treated promptly. The 5-year survival rate for stage I dysgerminoma is over 90%.

Gallery

• 
  Dysgerminoma during surgery
• 
  Intermediate magnification view of dysgerminoma
• 
  Low magnification view of dysgerminoma

See also

• Ovarian cancer
• Germ cell tumor
• Seminoma

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