Defensins
Defensins
Defensins (/dɪˈfɛnsɪnz/) are a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides found in the granules of neutrophils and macrophages. They are an integral part of the innate immune system and play a significant role in the first line of defense against pathogens.
Etymology
The term "defensin" is derived from the word "defense," referring to the protein's protective role in the immune system. The suffix "-in" is commonly used in biochemistry to denote proteins.
Function
Defensins are primarily involved in the immune response against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. They function by disrupting the cell membrane of the pathogen, leading to its death. Defensins also play a role in inflammation and immune cell recruitment.
Types
There are three main types of defensins: alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and theta-defensins. Each type has a unique structure and function within the immune system.
Alpha-defensins
Alpha-defensins are found in neutrophils and some types of monocytes. They are particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
Beta-defensins
Beta-defensins are expressed in various epithelial cells and are involved in the immune response against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
Theta-defensins
Theta-defensins are the only circular proteins in the animal kingdom. They are found in Old World monkeys and are effective against HIV.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Defensins
- Wikipedia's article - Defensins
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