Defensin
Defensin
Defensin (/dɪˈfɛnsɪn/) is a family of antimicrobial peptides that play an integral role in the innate immune response of organisms. The term "defensin" is derived from the word "defense," reflecting its primary function in the immune system.
Etymology
The term "defensin" is derived from the English word "defense," indicating its role in the body's defense mechanism against pathogens. The suffix "-in" is commonly used in biochemistry to denote proteins.
Function
Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. They function primarily as antimicrobial peptides in the innate immune response, providing a first line of defense against a wide range of pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Types
There are three main types of defensins: alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and theta-defensins. Each type has a unique structure and function within the immune system.
Alpha-Defensins
Alpha-Defensins are found primarily in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, and in certain types of epithelial cells. They are known for their ability to kill microbes by disrupting their cell membranes.
Beta-Defensins
Beta-Defensins are expressed in epithelial cells lining various tissues, including the skin, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract. They play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of these barriers against microbial invasion.
Theta-Defensins
Theta-Defensins are the only circular proteins in the animal kingdom and are found in certain primates. They exhibit potent antiviral activity.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Defensin
- Wikipedia's article - Defensin
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