Cloning
Cloning
Cloning (/ˈkloʊnɪŋ/) is a process by which a genetically identical copy of a certain biological entity is created. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone.
Etymology
The term "clone" is derived from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn), meaning "twig". This refers to the process whereby a new plant can be created from a twig.
Types of Cloning
There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning.
- Gene cloning produces copies of genes or segments of DNA.
- Reproductive cloning produces copies of whole animals.
- Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues.
Related Terms
- DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
- Genome - The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Stem cells - Undifferentiated cells, capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.
- Embryo - An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, specifically, a human offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after fertilization.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cloning
- Wikipedia's article - Cloning
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