Corpus luteum cyst

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Corpus luteum cyst
A corpus luteum cyst with bleeding
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities
Complications	Ovarian torsion, hemorrhage
Onset	Reproductive age
Duration	Usually resolves within a few weeks
Types	N/A
Causes	Ovulation
Risks	Hormonal imbalance, fertility treatments
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, pelvic examination
Differential diagnosis	Ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cancer, endometriosis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Observation, pain management, surgery if necessary
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good
Frequency	Common in women of reproductive age
Deaths	N/A

A Corpus Luteum Cyst is a type of benign ovarian cyst that forms from the corpus luteum, a structure that develops in the ovary after ovulation. These cysts can occur when the corpus luteum fills with fluid or blood, rather than regressing after releasing an egg.

Introduction

The corpus luteum is a temporary glandular structure that forms in the ovary after an egg is released. It produces hormones such as progesterone, which are crucial in the early stages of pregnancy. In some cases, the corpus luteum does not dissolve as usual and instead fills with fluid or blood, forming a cyst.

Formation and Development

• Occurs during the menstrual cycle, following the release of an egg
• The cyst forms from the corpus luteum, which typically regresses if pregnancy does not occur

Characteristics

• Size can vary, typically ranging from a few centimeters to over 10 centimeters
• Can be asymptomatic or cause mild symptoms
• Usually resolves on its own within a few menstrual cycles

Symptoms and Complications

While many corpus luteum cysts are asymptomatic, they can sometimes cause:

• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Abdominal bloating or fullness
• Painful menstruation or irregular periods
• In rare cases, larger cysts may cause ovarian torsion or rupture, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a corpus luteum cyst usually involves:

• Pelvic examination
• Ultrasound imaging to visualize the cyst
• Blood tests to assess hormone levels

Treatment and Management

Most corpus luteum cysts resolve spontaneously and do not require treatment. In cases where treatment is necessary, options include:

• Pain management with over-the-counter pain relievers
• Hormonal contraceptives to prevent the formation of new cysts
• Surgery, in rare cases where the cyst is large, persistent, or causes complications

Epidemiology

Corpus luteum cysts are common and can occur in any woman who ovulates. They are most frequent in women of reproductive age.

References

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