Cloning vector
Cloning Vector
A cloning vector (pronunciation: /ˈkloʊnɪŋ ˈvɛktər/) is a small piece of DNA, typically a plasmid, that is used to propagate a foreign DNA sequence in a host organism. The foreign DNA is inserted into the cloning vector, which in turn is introduced into a suitable organism for replication.
Etymology
The term "cloning vector" is derived from the process of cloning, which involves the creation of identical copies, and "vector", which in this context refers to a carrier. Thus, a cloning vector carries the DNA sequence to be cloned into the host organism.
Types of Cloning Vectors
There are several types of cloning vectors, including:
- Plasmids: These are small, circular pieces of DNA that are separate from the chromosomal DNA of the organism. They are commonly used in bacterial cloning.
- Bacteriophages: These are viruses that infect bacteria. They can carry larger pieces of DNA than plasmids.
- Cosmids: These are plasmids that contain a cos site, which allows them to be packaged into bacteriophage particles for infection into bacteria.
- Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs): These are vectors used to clone DNA fragments in yeast cells.
- Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs): These are vectors used to clone large DNA fragments in bacteria.
Applications
Cloning vectors are used in a variety of applications, including:
- Gene Cloning: This is the most common use of cloning vectors. They are used to clone genes for further study.
- Protein Production: Cloning vectors can be used to produce proteins in host organisms. This is useful for studying the function of the protein or for producing it for therapeutic uses.
- Genetic Engineering: Cloning vectors are used in genetic engineering to introduce new genes into organisms.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cloning vector
- Wikipedia's article - Cloning vector
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