Chronic limb threatening ischemia

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Synonyms	Critical limb ischemia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain at rest, ulcers, gangrene
Complications	Amputation, infection
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Atherosclerosis, thromboembolism
Risks	Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia
Diagnosis	Ankle-brachial index, Doppler ultrasound, angiography
Differential diagnosis	Peripheral artery disease, diabetic foot, venous insufficiency
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Revascularization, angioplasty, bypass surgery, medication
Medication	Antiplatelet drugs, statins, cilostazol
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	Common in older adults
Deaths	N/A

Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI), also known as critical limb ischemia (CLI), is an advanced stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD). It is defined as ischemic rest pain, arterial insufficiency ulcers, and gangrene. The latter two conditions are jointly referred to as tissue loss, reflecting the development of surface damage to the limb tissue due to the most severe stage of ischemia. Compared to the other manifestation of PAD, intermittent claudication, CLI has a negative prognosis within a year after the initial diagnosis, with 1-year amputation rates of approximately 12% and mortality of 50% at 5 years and 70% at 10 years.

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