Chromatin remodeling

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Chromatin Remodeling

Chromatin remodeling (pronunciation: kroh-muh-tin ree-mohd-uh-ling) is a biological process that involves the structural alteration of chromatin to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression.

Etymology

The term "chromatin remodeling" is derived from the word "chromatin", which is a complex of DNA and protein that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and "remodeling", which refers to the process of causing a structure to undergo a transformation or alteration.

Process

Chromatin remodeling involves the shifting and repositioning of nucleosomes, which are the fundamental subunits of chromatin. This process is facilitated by chromatin remodeling complexes that utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to change the position of the DNA wrapped around the nucleosomes.

Types

There are two main types of chromatin remodeling:

1. Covalent modification: This involves the addition or removal of chemical groups, such as methylation or acetylation, to the histone proteins that make up the nucleosome.

2. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling: This involves the use of energy from ATP hydrolysis to change the position or conformation of the nucleosome.

Related Terms

See Also

External links

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