Chromatids

Chromatids

Chromatids (/kroʊˈmætɪdz/), derived from the Greek words "chroma" meaning color and "id" meaning form, are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome. They are crucial components in the process of cell division and genetic inheritance.

Structure

A chromatid consists of a long, coiled DNA molecule and associated proteins. Each chromatid is composed of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Function

During the process of mitosis and meiosis, the chromatids separate, each becoming a chromosome in the daughter cells. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material.

Related Terms

• Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
• Mitosis: A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
• Meiosis: A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Etymology

The term "chromatid" was first used in the early 20th century and is derived from the Greek words "chroma," meaning color, and "id," meaning form. This is likely due to the fact that chromatids, when stained, are visibly colorful under a microscope.

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