Cavity

Cavity

A cavity, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria. The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black. Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with eating. Complications may include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss, and infection or abscess formation.

Causes

Cavities are caused by certain types of bacteria that produce acid from sugar. The most common bacteria associated with dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. The acid produced by these bacteria can dissolve the mineral content of the tooth enamel, leading to demineralization and eventually a cavity.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing cavities:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Frequent consumption of sugary or acidic foods and drinks
• Dry mouth or low saliva flow
• Receding gums that expose the root surfaces
• Existing dental restorations or appliances

Diagnosis

Cavities are typically diagnosed by a dentist through:

• Visual examination
• Dental X-rays
• Use of special dyes or solutions that highlight decayed areas

Prevention

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of cavities include:

• Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing daily
• Reducing the intake of sugary snacks and drinks
• Regular dental check-ups and cleanings
• Use of dental sealants and fluoride treatments

Treatment

Treatment of cavities depends on the severity of the decay:

• Fluoride treatments: In the early stages, fluoride treatments can help restore the enamel.
• Fillings: For more advanced decay, the decayed material is removed and the cavity is filled with a dental material.
• Crowns: If the decay is extensive, a crown may be needed to restore the tooth.
• Root canals: If the decay has reached the pulp, a root canal may be necessary.
• Tooth extraction: In severe cases, the tooth may need to be removed.

Epidemiology

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases worldwide. It affects people of all ages, with a higher prevalence in children and adolescents. According to the World Health Organization, nearly all adults have dental caries at some point in their lives.

See Also

• Oral hygiene
• Periodontal disease
• Dental restoration

References

• World Health Organization. "Oral health". Retrieved from [1]
• American Dental Association. "Cavities". Retrieved from [2]