Beta-2 agonist
Beta-2 agonist
A Beta-2 agonist (/beɪtə tuː ˈæɡənɪst/) is a type of medication that is used primarily in the treatment of both acute and chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Etymology
The term "Beta-2 agonist" is derived from its mechanism of action. "Beta-2" refers to the type of receptor it acts upon, specifically the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. "Agonist" refers to a substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.
Mechanism of Action
Beta-2 agonists work by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, which results in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the airways. This leads to bronchodilation (widening of the airways), allowing for increased airflow and easier breathing.
Types of Beta-2 Agonists
There are two main types of Beta-2 agonists: short-acting and long-acting. Short-acting Beta-2 agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol and levalbuterol provide quick relief of symptoms, while long-acting Beta-2 agonists (LABAs) like salmeterol and formoterol are used for long-term control of symptoms.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Beta-2 agonists include tachycardia (increased heart rate), tremor (shaking), and nervousness. More serious side effects can include cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm) and hypokalemia (low potassium levels).
Related Terms
- Bronchodilator: A type of medication that relaxes and opens the airways in the lungs.
- Adrenergic receptor: A class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine and epinephrine produced by the body, but also many medications.
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