Benzethonium chloride
Benzethonium chloride is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt with surfactant, antiseptic, and anti-infective properties. It is primarily used in first aid antiseptics as a skin disinfectant and is also used in deodorant, mouthwash, and food products.
Etymology
The term "Benzethonium" is derived from its chemical structure, which consists of a benzyl group attached to an ethonium ion. The "chloride" refers to the anion that is paired with the benzethonium cation.
Chemical Structure and Properties
Benzethonium chloride is a white, crystalline powder with a very bitter taste. It is highly soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in acetone and ether. The compound is a strong cationic surfactant, which means it can reduce the surface tension of water, making it an effective cleaning and disinfecting agent.
Uses
Benzethonium chloride is widely used in the healthcare industry due to its antiseptic and disinfectant properties. It is found in many over-the-counter first aid products, including wound wash sprays and antiseptic towelettes. It is also used in the food industry as a hard surface disinfectant.
In personal care products, benzethonium chloride is used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent. It can be found in deodorants, mouthwashes, hand sanitizers, and wet wipes.
Safety and Toxicity
While benzethonium chloride is generally considered safe for topical use, it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially with prolonged or repeated exposure. Ingestion or inhalation of benzethonium chloride can be harmful and should be avoided.
Related Compounds
Benzethonium chloride is a member of the quaternary ammonium compounds family, which also includes benzalkonium chloride and cetrimonium chloride. These compounds share similar chemical structures and properties, including their antiseptic and surfactant abilities.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
