B7-1
B7-1
B7-1 (pronounced: B seven dash one), also known as CD80 (pronounced: C D eighty), is a type of protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a member of the B7 family of proteins, which are known for their role in providing costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.
Etymology
The term "B7-1" is derived from the classification system used for identifying specific types of proteins. The "B7" refers to the family of proteins it belongs to, while the "-1" indicates that it is the first member of this family. The alternative name, "CD80", stands for "Cluster of Differentiation 80", a term used in immunology to identify a specific protein molecule on the cell surface.
Function
B7-1, or CD80, is primarily expressed on activated B cells and dendritic cells. It binds to two different proteins on T cells, known as CD28 and CTLA-4, to regulate T cell activation. When B7-1 binds to CD28, it provides a costimulatory signal that promotes T cell activation. However, when B7-1 binds to CTLA-4, it sends an inhibitory signal that suppresses T cell activation.
Related Terms
- B7 family: A family of proteins that provide costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.
- CD28: A protein on T cells that, when bound to B7-1, provides a costimulatory signal promoting T cell activation.
- CTLA-4: A protein on T cells that, when bound to B7-1, sends an inhibitory signal suppressing T cell activation.
- T cell: A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune response.
- B cell: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.
- Dendritic cell: A type of immune cell that processes antigen material and presents it on its surface to T cells.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on B7-1
- Wikipedia's article - B7-1
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