Anal atresia
Anal atresia (pronounced: /ˈeɪnəl æˈtriːziə/), also known as Imperforate anus, is a congenital defect in which the rectum is malformed. Its etymology is derived from the Greek words "a-" meaning "without", and "tresis" meaning "hole".
Definition
Anal atresia is a birth defect in which the opening to the anus is missing or blocked. It can occur in several forms: the rectum may end in a blind pouch that does not connect with the colon, or it may have openings to the urethra, bladder, base of the penis or scrotum in boys, or vagina in girls.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of anal atresia is the absence of a normal anal opening. Other symptoms can include the presence of an abnormal passage near the anus, or failure to pass stool within 24 to 48 hours after birth.
Causes
The exact cause of anal atresia is unknown. However, it is thought to occur during the early stages of pregnancy when the anus and the rectum are forming. It is often associated with other congenital anomalies, such as Spinal bifida, VACTERL association, and Down syndrome.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of anal atresia is usually made shortly after birth by a physical examination. Additional tests such as an abdominal ultrasound, an MRI, or a genetic test may be performed to identify associated anomalies.
Treatment
Treatment for anal atresia involves surgery to create a new anal opening, known as an Anoplasty. The type of surgery depends on the severity and type of atresia. In some cases, a temporary Colostomy may be required.
Prognosis
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most children with anal atresia can achieve normal bowel function. However, long-term follow-up may be needed to manage potential complications such as constipation, fecal incontinence, and social and psychological issues.
See also
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