Ammonium

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Ammonium

Ammonium (/əˈmoʊniəm/) is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+. It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3).

Etymology

The term "ammonium" is derived from Ammonia, which itself is named for the Roman god Ammon due to its presence in the salts that were found near the temple of Ammon in Libya.

Related Terms

  • Ammonia: A compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
  • Ammonium Chloride: An inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl.
  • Ammonium Nitrate: A chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4NO3.
  • Ammonium Sulfate: An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia.

Properties

Ammonium is a positively charged ion, or cation, with a charge of +1. It has a tetrahedral shape and is isoelectronic with methane and phosphonium. In most cases, ammonium is a weak acid. It is generally soluble in water and behaves as a Bronsted-Lowry acid by donating a proton (H+) to water to form hydronium ions (H3O+).

Uses

Ammonium salts are commonly used in fertilizers, as they are a source of nitrogen, an essential nutrient for plants. They are also used in the production of pharmaceuticals, textiles, and in the treatment of water.

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