Alcuronium chloride
Alcuronium chloride
Alcuronium chloride is a neuromuscular-blocking drug used in anesthesia to induce muscle relaxation during surgery. It is a semi-synthetic compound derived from toxiferine, an alkaloid found in the plant Strychnos toxifera.
Pharmacology
Alcuronium chloride acts as a competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located at the neuromuscular junction. By blocking the action of acetylcholine, it prevents depolarization of the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle paralysis.
Mechanism of Action
The drug binds to the acetylcholine binding site on the nicotinic receptor, preventing acetylcholine from attaching and activating the receptor. This inhibition of receptor activation results in the inability of the muscle to contract, thus causing paralysis.
Pharmacokinetics
Alcuronium chloride is administered intravenously. It has a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect that is intermediate compared to other neuromuscular blockers. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys.
Clinical Use
Alcuronium chloride is used as an adjunct to general anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
Dosage and Administration
The dosage of alcuronium chloride is individualized based on the patient's response and the type of surgical procedure. It is typically administered as an intravenous bolus or continuous infusion.
Side Effects
Common side effects include hypotension, tachycardia, and histamine release. Rarely, it may cause anaphylaxis or prolonged neuromuscular blockade.
Contraindications
Alcuronium chloride is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Caution is advised in patients with myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular disorders.
Related pages
Gallery
Chemical structure of Alcuronium chloride
3D model of Alcuronium chloride
Chemical structure of Alcuronium chloride
3D model of Alcuronium chloride
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
