Agrochemicals
Agrochemicals (pronunciation: /ˈaɡrəʊˌkɛmɪk(ə)lz/), also known as Agricultural chemicals, are substances or compounds that are used in agriculture to control pests, enhance crop yields, and maintain soil fertility. The term "Agrochemical" is derived from the combination of agriculture and chemical.
History
The use of agrochemicals dates back to the Neolithic Revolution, when humans first began to practice systematic agriculture. However, the modern agrochemical industry did not emerge until the 19th century, with the discovery of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides.
Types of Agrochemicals
Agrochemicals can be broadly classified into the following categories:
- Fertilizers: These are substances that are added to the soil to supply essential nutrients to plants. They can be organic (derived from plant or animal matter) or inorganic (synthetically produced).
- Pesticides: These are chemicals used to control, repel, or kill pests that can harm crops. Pesticides can be further classified into insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides.
- Plant Growth Regulators: These are substances used to control the growth and development of plants. They can be used to promote or inhibit growth, depending on the needs of the farmer.
- Soil Conditioners: These are substances that are added to the soil to improve its physical properties, such as structure, porosity, and water retention.
Environmental and Health Impact
While agrochemicals have played a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity, their use has also raised concerns about environmental pollution and human health risks. Pesticides, for example, can contaminate water sources and harm non-target organisms, while excessive use of fertilizers can lead to soil degradation and water pollution.
See Also
References
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