Acute renal failure

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Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure (pronunciation: /əˈkjuːt rɪˈnæl ˈfeɪljər/), also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours or a few days.

Etymology

The term "acute renal failure" is derived from the Latin words "acutus" meaning sharp or sudden, "renes" meaning kidneys, and "fallere" meaning to deceive or fail.

Definition

Acute renal failure is characterized by a rapid decrease in renal function with an accompanying increase in the serum creatinine and/or a reduction in urine output. The condition can be potentially life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

Acute renal failure can be caused by a variety of conditions, including severe infection, low blood pressure, kidney stones, and certain medications. It can also occur as a result of a direct injury to the kidneys or a blockage in the urinary tract.

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute renal failure may include decreased urine output, fluid retention, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, nausea, and chest pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acute renal failure typically involves blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests, and sometimes a kidney biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment for acute renal failure typically involves treating the underlying cause and supporting kidney function with treatments such as dialysis.

Related Terms

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