Acne aestivalis

Acne aestivalis
Synonyms	Mallorca acne
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Papules, pustules, erythema
Complications	Scarring
Onset	Spring or summer
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Ultraviolet light exposure
Risks	Sun exposure, photosensitivity
Diagnosis	Clinical
Differential diagnosis	Acne vulgaris, Polymorphous light eruption
Prevention	Sun protection, sunscreen
Treatment	Topical corticosteroids, retinoids, antibiotics
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in temperate climates
Deaths	N/A

Acne aestivalis, also known as Mallorca acne, is a skin condition that typically occurs in individuals who are exposed to sunlight after a period of sun deprivation. It is considered a type of acne that is triggered by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly affecting those who have been using sunscreen or cosmetic products that may clog the pores when exposed to the sun.

Pathophysiology

Acne aestivalis is believed to be caused by a combination of UV radiation and the use of certain topical products. The condition is characterized by the development of papules and pustules on the skin, particularly on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves the inflammatory response of the skin to UV radiation, which can lead to the obstruction of hair follicles and the formation of acne lesions.

Clinical Features

The clinical presentation of acne aestivalis includes small, red papules and pustules that appear on sun-exposed areas. These lesions are often itchy and may be accompanied by a burning sensation. Unlike common acne, acne aestivalis does not typically involve comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acne aestivalis is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the lesions and the patient's history of sun exposure. A dermatologist may perform a thorough examination and inquire about the use of sunscreen or other cosmetic products. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Management

The management of acne aestivalis involves avoiding further sun exposure and discontinuing the use of any comedogenic products. Treatment options may include the use of topical or oral antibiotics to reduce inflammation and prevent infection. Topical retinoids may also be prescribed to help clear the lesions. In some cases, photoprotection with broad-spectrum sunscreens is recommended to prevent recurrence.

Prevention

Preventive measures for acne aestivalis include the use of non-comedogenic sunscreens and cosmetic products. Gradual exposure to sunlight, rather than sudden and intense exposure, may also help reduce the risk of developing this condition. Wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours can further minimize UV exposure.

Prognosis

The prognosis for acne aestivalis is generally good, with most cases resolving with appropriate management and avoidance of sun exposure. However, individuals who are prone to this condition may experience recurrent episodes, particularly during the summer months.

Related pages

• Acne vulgaris
• Photosensitivity
• Dermatology
• Ultraviolet radiation