Abnormal gait

Abnormal gait (pronunciation: /æbˈnɔːrməl ɡeɪt/) is a term used in medicine to describe a type of locomotion that deviates from the normal pattern. This can be due to various conditions, including neurological disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, or injuries.

Etymology

The term "abnormal gait" is derived from the English words "abnormal", meaning not normal, and "gait", which refers to a person's manner of walking.

There are several types of abnormal gait, including:

Antalgic gait: A limp developed to avoid pain on weight-bearing structures.
Ataxic gait: An unsteady, uncoordinated walk, with a wide base and the feet thrown out.
Hemiplegic gait: The leg is stiff and extended and is circumducted to be moved forward.
Parkinsonian gait: A shuffling walk with a stooped position and a reduced arm swing.
Steppage gait: Foot drop where the foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the leg higher than normal when walking.

Abnormal gait can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including:

Neurological disorders: Conditions such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy can affect the nerves and muscles used in walking.
Musculoskeletal disorders: Conditions that affect the bones, muscles, and joints, such as arthritis and hip dysplasia, can lead to an abnormal gait.
Injuries: Injuries to the legs, feet, brain, or spinal cord can affect the way a person walks.

Diagnosis of abnormal gait involves a physical examination and may also include:

Gait analysis: This involves observing the individual walking and noting any deviations from the normal gait pattern.
Neurological examination: This can help identify any underlying neurological conditions.
Imaging tests: These may be used to identify any structural abnormalities.

Treatment for abnormal gait depends on the underlying cause and may include:

Physical therapy: This can help improve strength and coordination.
Occupational therapy: This can help improve the ability to perform daily activities.
Medication: This can help manage symptoms of underlying conditions.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be needed to correct structural abnormalities.

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