2-Arachidonoylglycerol

Chemical structure of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol

3D model of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol

2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endocannabinoid, an endogenous eicosanoid molecule that binds to the cannabinoid receptors. It is an ester formed from the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and glycerol.

Structure

2-Arachidonoylglycerol is a glycerol ester of arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain and four cis-double bonds. The chemical formula of 2-AG is C₂₃H₃₈O₄.

Biosynthesis

2-AG is synthesized in the body from phospholipids in the cell membrane. The primary pathway involves the hydrolysis of diacylglycerol (DAG) by the enzyme diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL). This process releases 2-AG as a free molecule.

Function

2-Arachidonoylglycerol acts as a full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes including appetite, pain sensation, mood, and memory.

Metabolism

2-AG is metabolized primarily by the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which hydrolyzes it to arachidonic acid and glycerol. Other enzymes, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), can also contribute to its breakdown.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in 2-AG levels have been associated with various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Research is ongoing to explore the therapeutic potential of modulating 2-AG levels in these conditions.

Related pages

• Endocannabinoid system
• Cannabinoid receptor
• Arachidonic acid
• Diacylglycerol