Spondylolysis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Spondylolysis
Synonyms	Pars defect
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Lower back pain, muscle spasms, stiffness
Complications	Spondylolisthesis, chronic pain
Onset	Often during adolescence
Duration	Can be chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Repetitive stress, genetic predisposition
Risks	Athletics, gymnastics, weightlifting
Diagnosis	X-ray, CT scan, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Herniated disc, muscle strain, facet joint syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, rest, bracing, surgery
Medication	NSAIDs, pain relievers
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in adolescents and young adults
Deaths	N/A

Spondylolysis - back pain

Spondylolysis L5-S1 CT Sagittal Mark

Scintigraphy pelvis with bone metastasis

Spondylolysis L5-S1 CT axial

Kyphosis brace

Spondylolysis is a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. The vast majority of cases occur in the lower lumbar vertebrae (L5), but spondylolysis may also occur in the cervical vertebrae.

Signs and Symptoms

Patients with spondylolysis are often asymptomatic. However, symptoms can include lower back pain exacerbated by exercise or heavy lifting. If spondylolisthesis is present, radicular pain can occur due to nerve root compression.

Causes

Spondylolysis is typically caused by a stress fracture of the bone, and is especially common in adolescents who over-train in activities such as gymnastics, weightlifting and football. It can also occur from traumatic injury.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of spondylolysis begins with a physical examination and medical history. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment options for spondylolysis include physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and in some cases, surgery. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and improve function.

See Also

• Spondylolisthesis
• Spinal disc herniation
• Spinal stenosis

References

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