Micrognathism

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Micrognathism
Synonyms	Micrognathia, mandibular hypoplasia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Small jaw, feeding difficulties, breathing difficulties
Complications	Obstructive sleep apnea, dental malocclusion
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic disorders, syndromes such as Pierre Robin sequence, Treacher Collins syndrome, Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Risks	Family history, genetic mutations
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Craniofacial microsomia, achondroplasia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Orthodontic treatment, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Varies depending on underlying condition
Deaths	N/A

Micrognathism

Micrognathism

Micrognathism

Micrognathism

Micrognathism

Micrognathism is a condition characterized by an abnormally small lower jaw, often accompanied by a receding chin. This condition can be present at birth or develop over time. It can cause difficulties with feeding, breathing, and speech.

Causes

Micrognathism can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, growth disorders, and environmental factors. Some of the most common causes include:

• Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as Pierre Robin sequence, Treacher Collins syndrome, and Progeria, can cause micrognathism.
• Growth disorders: Conditions that affect the body's growth and development, such as Turner syndrome and Russell-Silver syndrome, can also cause micrognathism.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to certain substances or conditions during pregnancy, such as alcohol, drugs, or radiation, can affect the development of the jaw and lead to micrognathism.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of micrognathism is a noticeably smaller lower jaw. Other symptoms can include:

• Difficulty feeding
• Breathing problems
• Speech difficulties
• Dental problems, such as malocclusion (misalignment of the teeth)

Diagnosis

Micrognathism is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. Doctors may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for micrognathism depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated symptoms or conditions. Treatment options can include:

• Orthodontic treatment: This can help to correct dental problems associated with micrognathism.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the size and position of the jaw.
• Speech therapy: This can help to address any speech difficulties caused by the condition.

See also

• Mandibular hypoplasia
• Retrognathia
• Orthognathic surgery

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