Premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome
Synonyms	PMS
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability, depression
Complications	N/A
Onset	Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
Duration	Typically resolves with the onset of menstruation
Types	N/A
Causes	Hormonal changes
Risks	Family history, stress, age
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms and menstrual cycle timing
Differential diagnosis	Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, thyroid disorders, mood disorders
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medications such as NSAIDs, antidepressants, hormonal contraceptives
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Affects up to 80% of women of reproductive age
Deaths	N/A

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a collection of physical and emotional symptoms that typically occur one to two weeks before the start of a woman's menstrual period, specifically after ovulation and before menstruation.<ref>

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)(link). {{{website}}}. Mayo Clinic.

Accessed 2023-05-18.

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Symptoms

The most common physical symptoms include bloating, fatigue, and breast tenderness. Emotional changes can consist of irritability, tension, depression, and anxiety. The severity and range of symptoms can vary significantly from woman to woman.<ref>

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)(link). {{{website}}}. NHS.

Accessed 2023-05-18.

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Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of PMS is unknown. However, it's believed that cyclic changes in hormones, chemical changes in the brain, and certain social, cultural, and psychological factors might play a role. Some women may be more susceptible to PMS due to their genetic makeup.<ref>

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) - Symptoms and causes(link). {{{website}}}. Mayo Clinic.

Accessed 2023-05-18.

</ref>

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PMS is usually based on a review of symptoms. Physicians often recommend that patients maintain a symptom diary for several menstrual cycles to help confirm a diagnosis. There are no specific lab tests for PMS, but tests can be done to rule out other conditions that may mimic PMS.<ref>

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)(link). {{{website}}}. Office on Women's Health.

Accessed 2023-05-18.

</ref>

Management and Treatment

Treatment of PMS often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, dietary modifications, and stress management. Over-the-counter remedies can help alleviate physical symptoms, while antidepressants and hormonal contraceptives may be used in more severe cases or for those suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS.<ref>

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)(link). {{{website}}}. UpToDate.

Accessed 2023-05-18.

</ref>

See Also

• Menstrual cycle
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Menopause

References

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