Iodide

Iodide is an ion that is chemically composed of a single iodine atom with a negative charge. It is one of the largest monatomic anions. Iodide ions can be found in several types of salts, such as potassium iodide. The iodide ion is essential to human health, and its deficiency or excess can lead to health problems.

Chemical Properties

Iodide is a monatomic anion with the chemical formula I⁻. It is one of the halogens and is located in Group 17 of the periodic table. Iodide ions are strong reducing agents, and they can be oxidized to iodine by strong oxidizing agents.

Biological Role

Iodide is an essential nutrient for humans. It is a key component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate various physiological processes in the body. The human body does not produce iodide, so it must be obtained through the diet. Foods rich in iodide include seafood, dairy products, and iodized salt.

Health Effects

Both iodide deficiency and excess can lead to health problems. Iodide deficiency can cause goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), hypothyroidism, and mental retardation in infants and children (known as cretinism). On the other hand, excess iodide can lead to hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis.

See Also

• Iodine
• Potassium iodide
• Thyroid hormones
• Goiter
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism

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