Woolly hair

A rare hair condition characterized by tightly coiled hair

Woolly hair is a rare hair condition characterized by tightly coiled, curly hair that resembles the wool of a sheep. This condition can occur in individuals of any ethnicity, although it is more commonly observed in people of African descent. Woolly hair can be an isolated finding or part of a syndrome.

Characteristics

Woolly hair is distinguished by its unique texture. The hair shafts are tightly coiled, and the curls are smaller in diameter compared to typical curly hair. This condition can affect the entire scalp or be localized to certain areas. The hair is often dry and prone to breakage due to its structure.

Genetics

Woolly hair can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. Several genes have been implicated in the development of woolly hair, including the P2RY5 gene, which is associated with autosomal recessive woolly hair. Mutations in this gene disrupt the normal structure and function of hair follicles, leading to the characteristic hair phenotype.

Associated Conditions

Woolly hair can occur as an isolated trait or as part of a syndrome. Some of the syndromes associated with woolly hair include:

• Naxos disease: A condition characterized by woolly hair, palmoplantar keratoderma, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
• Carvajal syndrome: Similar to Naxos disease, but with left ventricular involvement.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of woolly hair is primarily clinical, based on the appearance and texture of the hair. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis and identify any associated syndromes. A thorough family history and physical examination are essential to rule out other conditions.

Management

There is no specific treatment for woolly hair, but management focuses on hair care to minimize breakage and dryness. Recommendations include:

• Using moisturizing shampoos and conditioners.
• Avoiding harsh chemical treatments and heat styling.
• Regular trimming to prevent split ends.

Prognosis

Woolly hair is a benign condition, but when associated with syndromes like Naxos disease, it may have significant health implications. Regular monitoring and management of associated conditions are crucial.

Images

File:Woolly hair example.jpg

Example of woolly hair texture

File:Woolly hair closeup.jpg

Close-up of woolly hair showing tightly coiled curls

Related pages

• Hair follicle
• Curly hair
• Genetic disorders