Acute prostatitis

Acute Prostatitis

Diagram of the male reproductive system highlighting the prostate gland.

Acute prostatitis is a sudden inflammation of the prostate gland, a small gland located below the urinary bladder in males. This condition is often caused by a bacterial infection and can lead to severe symptoms that require prompt medical attention.

Pathophysiology

Acute prostatitis is typically caused by a bacterial infection, often involving Escherichia coli or other Gram-negative bacteria. The infection can reach the prostate through the urethra, the bloodstream, or the lymphatic system. The inflammation results in swelling and pain, and can lead to the formation of prostate abscesses.

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Coronal section of a prostate abscess.

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Marked image showing a prostate abscess.

Symptoms

The symptoms of acute prostatitis can include:

• Severe pain in the pelvic area, lower back, or genital region
• Fever and chills
• Difficulty urinating, such as a weak stream or painful urination
• Frequent urge to urinate, especially at night
• Painful ejaculation

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acute prostatitis is based on clinical evaluation, including a physical examination and medical history. A digital rectal examination (DRE) may reveal a tender, swollen prostate. Laboratory tests such as a urinalysis and urine culture can help identify the causative bacteria.

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Diagram showing the male pelvic organs, including the prostate.

Treatment

The primary treatment for acute prostatitis is antibiotic therapy, which is usually effective in resolving the infection. Commonly prescribed antibiotics include fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Pain management and supportive care, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and alpha-blockers, may also be used to alleviate symptoms.

Complications

If left untreated, acute prostatitis can lead to complications such as:

• Prostate abscess
• Chronic prostatitis
• Sepsis

Prevention

Preventive measures for acute prostatitis include practicing good hygiene, staying hydrated, and avoiding activities that can irritate the prostate, such as prolonged sitting or cycling.

Related Pages

• Prostate gland
• Chronic prostatitis
• Urinary tract infection
• Digital rectal examination

Gallery

• Diagram of the male reproductive system.
  Diagram of the male reproductive system.
• Anatomy of the male pelvis.
  Anatomy of the male pelvis.
• Histological image showing acute inflammation of the prostate.
  Histological image showing acute inflammation of the prostate.