AP5

A chemical compound used in neuroscience research

AP5 (2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoate) is a chemical compound that acts as a selective NMDA receptor antagonist. It is commonly used in neuroscience research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission.

Chemical structure and properties

AP5 is a derivative of valeric acid, with a phosphono group attached to the fifth carbon of the pentanoic acid chain. Its chemical formula is C₅H₁₂NO₅P, and it is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

Mechanism of action

AP5 functions by competitively inhibiting the binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to NMDA receptors. This inhibition prevents the opening of the ion channel associated with the receptor, thereby blocking the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into the neuron. This action is crucial for studying the role of NMDA receptors in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which are processes involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.

Applications in research

AP5 is widely used in experimental settings to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of NMDA receptors. It is particularly useful in studies of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, where NMDA receptor dysfunction is implicated. Additionally, AP5 is employed in research on epilepsy, schizophrenia, and chronic pain, where altered NMDA receptor activity is observed.

Safety and handling

As with many chemical compounds used in research, AP5 should be handled with care. It is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow safety protocols to prevent exposure. AP5 should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.

Related pages

• NMDA receptor
• Glutamate (neurotransmitter)
• Synaptic plasticity
• Neurotransmission

Gallery

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  Chemical structure of AP5