Acetyl-CoA hydrolase

Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA into acetate and coenzyme A (CoA). This reaction is important in the regulation of acetyl-CoA levels within the cell, influencing various metabolic pathways.

Function

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism by regulating the concentration of acetyl-CoA, a key molecule involved in numerous biochemical processes. Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in the citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other lipids. By hydrolyzing acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA hydrolase helps maintain metabolic balance and energy homeostasis.

Mechanism

The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA through a mechanism that involves the nucleophilic attack on the thioester bond of acetyl-CoA. This reaction results in the formation of acetate and free coenzyme A. The activity of acetyl-CoA hydrolase is regulated by various factors, including substrate availability and allosteric effectors.

Structure

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is a protein that can exist in different isoforms, depending on the tissue type and organism. The enzyme typically consists of multiple subunits that form a complex structure, allowing it to efficiently catalyze the hydrolysis reaction. The active site of the enzyme is specifically adapted to bind acetyl-CoA and facilitate its conversion to acetate and CoA.

Biological significance

The regulation of acetyl-CoA levels by acetyl-CoA hydrolase is vital for cellular function. Excess acetyl-CoA can lead to metabolic imbalances and contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. By controlling acetyl-CoA concentrations, acetyl-CoA hydrolase helps prevent the accumulation of potentially harmful intermediates and supports normal cellular metabolism.

Clinical relevance

Dysregulation of acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity has been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity. Understanding the role of this enzyme in metabolic pathways can provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Related pages

• Acetyl-CoA
• Citric acid cycle
• Fatty acid synthesis
• Coenzyme A

Gallery

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  Diagram of acetyl-CoA hydrolase