3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is involved in the beta-oxidation pathway, which is the process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle.

Function

3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA. This reaction is an important step in the ketogenesis and ketolysis pathways, which are critical for energy production, especially during periods of fasting or carbohydrate restriction.

Mechanism

The enzyme uses NAD+ as a cofactor to oxidize the 3-hydroxy group of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, forming acetoacetyl-CoA and NADH. This reaction is part of the oxidation-reduction processes that occur in the liver and other tissues.

Structure

3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase is a protein that typically functions as a dimer or tetramer. The active site of the enzyme binds to the substrate and the cofactor, facilitating the transfer of electrons during the reaction.

Clinical significance

Deficiencies or malfunctions in 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase can lead to metabolic disorders, as the enzyme is essential for the proper breakdown of fatty acids. Such conditions can result in the accumulation of ketone bodies and other metabolic intermediates, leading to ketoacidosis and other metabolic complications.

Related pages

• Beta-oxidation
• Ketogenesis
• Acetoacetyl-CoA
• NAD+

Gallery

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  3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase structure
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  3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
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  Acetoacetyl-CoA