Trace metal

Trace Metal

Trace metals are essential for various biological processes in the human body.

Trace metals are metals that occur in small amounts in biological systems and are essential for various physiological and biochemical processes. These metals are required in minute quantities, typically less than 100 milligrams per day, and play critical roles in maintaining health and proper functioning of organisms.

Biological Importance

Trace metals are vital for numerous biological functions. They often act as cofactors for enzymes, facilitating biochemical reactions. Some of the most important trace metals include:

• Iron (Fe): Essential for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which transports oxygen throughout the body.
• Zinc (Zn): Plays a crucial role in immune function, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis.
• Copper (Cu): Important for iron metabolism and the formation of connective tissue.
• Manganese (Mn): Involved in bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation.
• Selenium (Se): Functions as an antioxidant and is important for thyroid hormone metabolism.
• Iodine (I): Essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolic processes.

Sources

Trace metals are obtained from various dietary sources. For example, iron can be found in red meat, beans, and fortified cereals. Zinc is abundant in meat, shellfish, and legumes. Copper is present in nuts, seeds, and whole grains. A balanced diet typically provides adequate amounts of these essential trace metals.

Deficiency and Toxicity

Both deficiency and excess of trace metals can lead to health problems. Deficiency in trace metals can result in conditions such as anemia (iron deficiency), impaired immune function (zinc deficiency), and goiter (iodine deficiency). Conversely, excessive intake of trace metals can be toxic and cause adverse effects. For instance, too much iron can lead to iron overload disorders, while excessive selenium can cause selenosis.

Environmental Impact

Trace metals can also be found in the environment, where they can accumulate due to natural processes and human activities such as mining and industrial emissions. Environmental contamination with trace metals can affect ecosystems and human health, necessitating monitoring and regulation to prevent harmful exposure.

Related Pages

• Mineral (nutrient)
• Heavy metal (chemistry)
• Micronutrient
• Biochemistry