Amphotericin

Amphotericin
File:Amphotericin B structure.svg
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration	Intravenous, topical
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability	Poorly absorbed orally
Metabolism
Elimination half-life	15 days
Excretion	Bile
Legal status
CAS Number	1397-89-3
PubChem	14956
DrugBank	DB00681
ChemSpider	14236
KEGG	D00203

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis. It is often used for infections such as aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.

Mechanism of Action

Amphotericin B works by binding to ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. This binding disrupts the membrane, causing cell contents to leak out, which ultimately leads to cell death. This mechanism is specific to fungi, as ergosterol is not found in human cell membranes.

Administration

Amphotericin B is typically administered intravenously due to its poor oral absorption. It is available in several formulations, including conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate and lipid formulations such as liposomal amphotericin B, which are designed to reduce toxicity.

Side Effects

Common side effects of amphotericin B include fever, chills, and headache. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, electrolyte imbalances, and infusion-related reactions. Lipid formulations are associated with fewer side effects compared to the conventional form.

Clinical Uses

Amphotericin B is used in the treatment of severe systemic fungal infections. It is often reserved for life-threatening infections due to its potential toxicity. It is also used in the treatment of certain protozoal infections, such as visceral leishmaniasis.

History

Amphotericin B was discovered in 1955 and was originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces nodosus. It has been a critical drug in the treatment of fungal infections for decades, despite its side effects.

See Also

• Antifungal drug
• Fungal infection
• Liposomal amphotericin B

References

• ,

 Amphotericin B: Mechanism of Action and Resistance, 
 Clinical Infectious Diseases, 
 1996,
 Vol. 22(Issue: 2),
 pp. S97–S110,
 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/22.Supplement_2.S97,

• Carol A.,

 Fungal Infections: Diagnosis and Management, 
  
 Springer, 
 2006, 
  
  
 ISBN 978-1-85233-905-8,

External Links

• Drugs.com: Amphotericin B
• Mayo Clinic: Amphotericin B