Furfural
Organic compound derived from agricultural byproducts
| Furfural | |
|---|---|
| Furfural-2D-skeletal.png | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | 7362 |
| ChemSpider ID | |
| UNII | 0L9UL173FD |
| ChEBI | 17138 |
| ChEMBL | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical Formula | C_5H_4O_2 |
| Molar Mass | 96.09 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless or yellow liquid |
| Density | 1.16 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS Pictograms | [[File:|50px]] |
| GHS Signal Word | |
| GHS Hazard Statements | |
| NFPA 704 | [[File:|50px]] |
| References | |
Furfural is an organic compound derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. It is a colorless or yellow liquid with an almond-like odor. Furfural is an aldehyde of furan and is also known as 2-furaldehyde or 2-furancarboxaldehyde.
Production
Furfural is produced from hemicellulose, a major component of plant biomass. The production process involves the acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose to yield xylose, which is then dehydrated to form furfural. This process is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid.
Applications
Furfural is used in various industrial applications. It is a key ingredient in the production of furfuryl alcohol, which is used in the manufacture of resins and plastics. Furfural is also used as a solvent in the refining of lubricating oils and butadiene extraction. Additionally, it serves as a precursor to other furan derivatives and is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Chemical Properties
Furfural has the chemical formula C_5H_4O_2 and a molar mass of 96.09 g/mol. It has a density of 1.16 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 161.7°C. Furfural is slightly soluble in water but miscible with ethanol, ether, and acetone. It has a flash point of 60°C and an autoignition temperature of 393°C.
Safety
Furfural is considered to be moderately toxic. It can cause skin and eye irritation and may be harmful if ingested or inhaled. The LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of the population) for furfural is 65 mg/kg in rats. Proper safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), should be taken when handling furfural.
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