Prolactin cell

Prolactin Cell

A Prolactin Cell or Lactotroph is a type of cell in the anterior pituitary, a small gland located at the base of the brain. These cells are responsible for the production and secretion of the hormone prolactin, which plays a crucial role in various biological functions, most notably in mammalian reproduction.

Function

The primary function of prolactin cells is to produce and secrete prolactin. This hormone is involved in a wide range of functions, including lactation, reproduction, immunoregulation, and behavioral adaptations. In females, prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk (lactation). In males, the role of prolactin is less clear, but it is known to contribute to the regulation of testosterone levels.

Regulation

The secretion of prolactin by prolactin cells is regulated by several factors. The primary regulator is the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is released by neurons in the hypothalamus. Dopamine inhibits the release of prolactin. Other factors that can influence prolactin secretion include estrogen, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in prolactin cell function can lead to a variety of medical conditions. Overproduction of prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) can cause infertility, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea. Underproduction (hypoprolactinemia) is less common but can also lead to reproductive problems. Prolactinomas, tumors of the prolactin cells, are the most common type of pituitary adenoma.

See Also

• Pituitary gland
• Prolactin
• Prolactinoma
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Hypoprolactinemia

References

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