Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency

Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
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Synonyms	RPI deficiency<ref> OMIM Entry - # 608611 - RIBOSE 5-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE DEFICIENCY(link). omim.org. </ref>
Pronounce	N/A
Field	N/A
Symptoms
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes
Risks
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
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Deaths

Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency is a human disorder caused by mutations in the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. With only three diagnosed patients over a 27-year period, RPI deficiency is currently the rarest disease in the world.<ref name="wamelink">Wamelink, M. M.,

 The difference between rare and exceptionally rare: molecular characterization of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, 
 J. Mol. Med., 
 2010,
 Vol. 88(Issue: 9),
 pp. 931–39,
 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0634-1,
 PMID: 20499043,</ref>

Mechanism

In the search for an explanation for this rarity, it has been found that the patient has a seldom-seen allelic combination.<ref name="wamelink" /> One allele is a non-functional null allele, while the other encodes for a partially active enzyme. Furthermore, the partially functional allele has expression deficits that depend on the cell type in which it is expressed. Therefore, some of the patient's cells have a considerable amount of Rpi activity, whereas others do not.

The molecular cause of the pathology is not fully understood. One hypothesis is that ribose-5-phosphate may lack for RNA synthesis; another possibility is that the accumulation of D-ribitol and D-arabitol may be toxic.

Diagnosis

Symptoms include optic atrophy, nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, seizures, spasticity, psychomotor retardation, leukoencephalopathy and global developmental delay.<ref>

Ribose 5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials(link). www.malacards.org.

Accessed 2018-03-05.

</ref>

Treatment

There is no current treatment as well as prognosis for ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency.

History

In 1999 van der Knaap and colleagues <ref>van der Knapp MS, Wevers RA, Struys EA, et al. Leukoencephalopathy associated with a disturbance in the metabolism of polyols.Ann Neurol. 1999;46(6):925-928.</ref> <ref>Huck, J. H. J.; Verhoeven, N. M.; Struys, E. A.; Salomons, G. S.; Jakobs, C.; Van Der Knaap, M. S. (2004). "Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency: New Inborn Error in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Associated with a Slowly Progressive Leukoencephalopathy". The American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (4): 745–751. PMC 1181951. . doi:10.1086/383204.</ref> described a 14-year-old boy with developmental delay, insidious psychomotor regression, epilepsy, leukoencephalopathy and abnormal polyol metabolism. Later, Naik and colleagues <ref>Naik N, Shah A, Wamelink MMC, van der Knaap MS, Hingwala D. Rare case of ribose 5 phosphate isomerase deficiency with slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2017;89:1-2.</ref> reported a second case, an 18-year-old man with seizures, psychomotor regression and diffuse white matter abnormality. A third case was reported in 2018 by Sklower Brooks and colleagues, a child with neonatal onset leukoencephalopathy and psychomotor delays.<ref>Sklower Brooks S, Anderson S, Bhise V, Botti C. Further Delineation of Ribose-5-phosphate Isomerase Deficiency: Report of a Third Case, Journal of Child Neurology: First Published August 10, 2018 Journal of Child Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073818789316 </ref>

External links

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