Lipoatrophy

Lipoatrophy is a medical condition characterized by the loss of subcutaneous fat in certain parts of the body. This condition can be localized, affecting specific areas, or generalized, affecting the entire body. Lipoatrophy can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications.

Causes

Lipoatrophy can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of the most common causes include:

• Genetic disorders: Certain genetic disorders can cause lipoatrophy. For example, Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the near total absence of body fat.

• Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, can cause lipoatrophy.

• Medications: Certain medications, particularly those used to treat HIV/AIDS, can cause lipoatrophy. This is often referred to as "HIV-associated lipoatrophy."

Symptoms

The primary symptom of lipoatrophy is the loss of subcutaneous fat in certain parts of the body. This can result in a variety of physical changes, including:

• Muscle wasting: The loss of subcutaneous fat can lead to muscle wasting, resulting in a thin, frail appearance.

• Facial lipoatrophy: This is characterized by the loss of fat in the face, leading to a gaunt, hollow-cheeked appearance.

• Insulin resistance: In some cases, lipoatrophy can lead to insulin resistance, a condition that can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Treatment

Treatment for lipoatrophy depends on the underlying cause. In cases where the condition is caused by medication, switching to a different medication may help. In other cases, treatment may involve managing the symptoms. For example, facial fillers can be used to improve the appearance of facial lipoatrophy.

See also

• Lipodystrophy
• HIV/AIDS
• Autoimmune diseases
• Genetic disorders

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