Humus

Humus is the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms. It is a complex substance, highly resistant to further decomposition and rich in carbon and other essential nutrients.

Composition

Humus consists of organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These compounds are broken down by soil microorganisms, a process known as mineralization. The end product of this process is humus, which is resistant to further decomposition and provides a stable store of carbon in the soil.

Role in Soil Fertility

Humus plays a crucial role in soil fertility. It improves the structure of the soil, increasing its capacity to hold water and nutrients. It also promotes the growth of beneficial soil microorganisms and helps to buffer the soil against changes in pH.

Humus and Carbon Sequestration

Humus is a significant store of carbon in the soil. The process of humus formation, known as humification, is a key component of the global carbon cycle. By sequestering carbon in the soil, humus contributes to the mitigation of climate change.

See Also

• Soil
• Compost
• Decomposition
• Carbon cycle
• Climate change

References

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