Humus
Humus
Humus (/ˈhjuːməs/; from Latin: humus "earth, ground") is the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
Etymology
The word "humus" comes from the Latin word for "earth" or "ground". It was first used in English in the mid-18th century to describe the organic component of soil.
Definition
Humus is the dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter and essential to the fertility of the earth. It is a complex substance, highly resistant to further decomposition and rich in carbon and other nutrients.
Composition
Humus is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It also contains small amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Humus is formed by the microbial decomposition of dead plant and animal material, a process known as humification.
Importance
Humus plays a crucial role in soil health and fertility. It improves the structure of the soil, making it more porous and improving its ability to hold water and nutrients. It also provides a habitat for beneficial soil organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and earthworms.
Related Terms
- Humification: The process by which organic matter decomposes into humus.
- Compost: A type of humus produced by the controlled decomposition of organic material.
- Topsoil: The uppermost layer of soil, rich in organic matter and humus.
- Soil fertility: The ability of soil to sustain plant growth, largely determined by its content of humus and other nutrients.
- Organic matter: Material derived from the decay of plants and animals. Always contains compounds of carbon and hydrogen.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Humus
- Wikipedia's article - Humus
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