Peripartum cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (also known as PPCM or pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy) is a rare form of heart failure that occurs during the last month of pregnancy or up to five months after giving birth. The condition is characterized by the weakening of the heart muscle, which leads to the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently.

Symptoms

The symptoms of peripartum cardiomyopathy can mimic those of normal pregnancy, making it difficult to diagnose. They may include:

• Fatigue
• Feeling of rapid heartbeat or palpitations
• Increased nighttime urination
• Shortness of breath with activity and when lying flat
• Swelling of the ankles
• Swollen neck veins
• Low blood pressure, or it may drop when standing up.

Causes

The exact cause of peripartum cardiomyopathy is unknown. However, several factors may contribute to the development of the condition, including:

• Genetics
• Inflammation
• Viral infection of the heart
• Malnutrition
• Multiple pregnancies
• Being African American
• Being older than 30
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Alcoholism
• Hypertension
• Preeclampsia

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy involves a physical examination, medical history, and several tests, including:

• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram
• Chest X-ray
• Cardiac MRI
• Blood tests

Treatment

Treatment for peripartum cardiomyopathy aims to manage symptoms and improve the heart's function. It may include:

• Medications
• Lifestyle changes
• Device therapy
• Heart transplant in severe cases

Prognosis

The prognosis for women with peripartum cardiomyopathy varies. Some women may completely recover, while others may have lasting heart damage.

See also

• Cardiomyopathy
• Heart failure
• Pregnancy

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