Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidium is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal disease cryptosporidiosis. Both the parasite and the disease are commonly referred to as "Crypto."

Overview

There are many species of Cryptosporidium that infect animals, some of which also infect humans. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it very resistant to chlorine disinfection.

While this parasite can be spread in several different ways, water (drinking water and recreational water) is the most common method of transmission. Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of waterborne disease among humans in the United States.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis is watery diarrhea. Other symptoms include:

• Dehydration
• Weight loss
• Stomach cramps or pain
• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Some people with Crypto will have no symptoms at all. While the small intestine is the site most commonly affected, Crypto infections could possibly affect other areas of the digestive tract or the respiratory tract.

Prevention

Cryptosporidium can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, protection of public water supplies, and taking precautions while traveling.

Treatment

The most effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis is anti-parasitic medication. However, even with treatment, it can be difficult to eradicate the parasite completely.

See also

• Parasitic diseases
• Waterborne diseases
• Gastrointestinal diseases

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