Guanosine

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (also known as D-ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). These forms play important roles in various biochemical processes such as protein synthesis, photosynthesis and cell signaling.

Structure

Guanosine, like other nucleosides such as adenosine, cytidine, thymidine and uridine, is made up of a nucleobase and a five-carbon sugar. In the case of guanosine, the nucleobase is guanine and the sugar is ribose.

Functions

Guanosine plays a key role in many biological processes. It is a building block for RNA and DNA, and is involved in protein synthesis. It is also a component of several important molecules, including GMP, cGMP, GDP, and GTP.

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP)

GMP is a monophosphate form of guanosine that serves as a precursor to the diphosphate and triphosphate forms. It is used in the synthesis of RNA and DNA.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)

cGMP is a cyclic form of GMP that acts as a second messenger in many biological processes, including the regulation of ion channels, glycogenolysis, and cellular apoptosis.

Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)

GDP is a diphosphate form of guanosine that is used in energy transfer within the cell. It is also a precursor to GTP.

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

GTP is a triphosphate form of guanosine that is used in protein synthesis and as a source of energy for protein synthesis.

See also

• Nucleoside
• Nucleotide
• Purine
• Guanine
• Ribose

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